ABSTRACT The widely distributed species, Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922, is recorded for the first time from Costa Rica and Venezuela, and new occurrences from Brazil and Colombia are presented. Morphology of spermathecae from 14 localities is compared and illustrated. The need for studies to evaluate the potential status as an invasive species of S. portoricensis is commented on and a distribution map of the species in southern Central America and South America is given.

RESUMEN La especie exótica Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae): disminución del déficit de Wallace en el Nuevo Mundo. La especie de amplia distribución Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 se registra por primera vez en Costa Rica y Venezuela, y se presentan nuevas ocurrencias en Brasil y Colombia. Se compara e ilustra la morfología de las espermatecas de especímenes provenientes de 14 localidades. Se comenta la necesidad de realizar estudios para evaluar el estatus potencial de S. portoricensis como especie invasora y se presenta un mapa de distribución de la especie en el sur de Centroamérica y Sudamérica.

RESUMO Nesse artigo é fornecida uma lista de espécies de Scorpiones do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Até o momento 16 espécies e uma subespécie não-nominotípica estão registradas para o estado, porém é discutida a presença e/ou o status taxonômico de três destas espécies. Assim, considera-se que a escorpiofauna do Mato Grosso do Sul é composta, até o momento, por 13 espécies, o que representa mais de 50% de todas as espécies de escorpiões conhecidas para o Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Duas espécies de bothriurídeos são conhecidas apenas para este estado e consideradas endêmicas Bothriurus pora Mattoni & Acosta, 2005 e Brazilobothriurus pantanalensis Lourenço & Monod, 2000. A distribuição dos registros de escorpiões no Mato Grosso do Sul é heterogênea, uma vez que as áreas dominadas por Mata Atlântica e pelo Pantanal são menos amostradas em relação àquelas de domínios do Cerrado.

ABSTRACT In this paper it is provided a checklist of Scorpiones species in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. There are 16 species and one non-nominotypical subspecies recorded for the state, although it is discussed the presence and/or the taxonomic status of three of these species. This, it is considered that the scorpiofauna of the Mato Grosso do Sul is actually composed of 13 species, which represents more than 50% of all known species from Central-western Brazil. Two bothriurid species are known only for this state and are considered endemics: Bothriurus pora Mattoni & Acosta, 2005 and Brazilobothriurus pantanalensis Lourenço & Monod, 2000. The distribution of the scorpion registries in the Mato Grosso do Sul is heterogeneous, being the areas dominated by Atlantic Forest and Pantanal is sampled worse than those covered by the Cerrado domains.

In this study we describe the unknown female of Metagonia taruma Huber, 2000, which was discovered after sampling in two forest gap types at Porto Urucu (Urucu River Basin, Coari, Amazonas, Brazil), and also provide information on the community ecology and natural history of the sampled species. The female of M. taruma is similar to that of M. samiria (Huber, 2000) by having an epigynum with a slightly projecting broad scape with a distal pocket; it differs by the larger pore plates. We collected twelve Pholcidae species at Porto Urucu and M. taruma was the most frequent and abundant. The populations of Carapoia ocaina Huber, 2000 and Mesabolivar aurantiacus (Mello-Leitão, 1930) present homogeneous sex ratios, while M. taruma and Mesabolivar sp. were female biased. Only two species (M. taruma and Mesabolivar sp. ) exhibited differences in abundance in each forest gap type, being higher at the poorly regenerated gaps. Thus, the use of Pholcidae species as ecological indicators is promising. We also present new records, throughout the Amazon Basin, for the Pholcidae species collected at Porto Urucu.

Sickesia tremembe sp. nov. is described from Piauí, Northeast Brazil (type-locality: Sete Cidades National Park, Brasileira and Piracuruca municipalities). It differs from S. usta and S. helmuti by the clavate male femur IV and chelicerae segment I with a pair of large tubercles on retrolateral surface. The Stygnidae Stygnus polyacanthus (Mello-Leitão, 1923); the Cosmetidae, Gryne pluriarcuata Mello-Leitão, 1936 and undetermined species of Paecilaema and Gryne and also representatives of Escadabiidae and Sclerosomatidae (Gagrellinae) are recorded from this state, for the first time.

Três fêmeas de Cithaeron praedonius O.P.-Cambridge, 1872 (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea, Cithaeronidae), a espécie com distribuição mais ampla da família, foram encontradas em áreas urbanas em Teresina, capital do estado do Piauí, nordeste do Brasil. Este primeiro registro da família Cithaeronidae para o novo mundo é explicado por introdução acidental.

Three females of Cithaeron praedonius O.P.-Cambridge, 1872 (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea, Cithaeronidae), the most widespread species of the family, were found in urban areas in Teresina, capital of the state of Piauí, northeast Brazil. This first record of the family Cithaeronidae to the new world is explained by accidental introduction.